In 2005 the USPS created a First-Class Postage Stamp dedicated to him which featured him on the front, and on the back of the peeling paper had a short biography. While there, he mentored Mount Holyoke College future playwright Suzan-Lori Parks, who won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 2002.īaldwin died of cancer in 1987 at the age of 63.īaldwin’s 1954 play The Amen Corner was the basis for a short-lived 1968 Broadway musical of the same name. In 1962 Baldwin received a George Polk Award for his reporting in The New Yorker.ĭuring the early 1980s, Baldwin was on the faculty of the Five Colleges in Western Massachusetts. When Baldwin returned to America, he became actively involved in the Civil Rights Movement. Scott Fitzgerald, Richard Wright, and many others had lived during their writing careers.
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His first destination was Paris where Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, F. An absolute integrity: I saw him shaken many times and I lived to see him broken but I never saw him bow.”īaldwin, like many American authors of the time, left to live in Europe for an extended period of time beginning in 1948. He became, for me, an example of courage and integrity, humility and passion. In a warmer time, a less blasphemous place, he would have been recognised as my teacher and I as his pupil. In The Price of the Ticket, 1985, Baldwin describes Delaney as “the first living proof, for me, that a black man could be an artist. I was not attacking him I was trying to clarify something for myself.”Īnother major influence on Baldwin’s life was the African-American painter Beauford Delaney. However, during an interview with Julius Lester Baldwin explained that his adoration for Wright remained: “I knew Richard and I loved him. However, Baldwin’s 1949 essay Everybody’s Protest Novel ended the two authors’ friendship because Baldwin asserted that Wright’s novel Native Son, like Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, lacked credible characters and psychological complexity. Indeed, Baldwin titled a collection of essays Notes of a Native Son, in clear reference to Wright’s enraged and despairing novel Native Son. Wright and Baldwin became friends for a short time and Wright helped him to secure the Eugene F. His most important source of support, however, came from his idol Richard Wright, whom he called “the greatest black writer in the world for me”. In the early 1940s, he transferred his faith from religion to literature. After he graduated from DeWitt Clinton high school in the Bronx, he moved to Greenwich Village. At age 14, Baldwin became a preacher at the small Fireside Pentecostal Church in Harlem. While his father opposed his literary aspirations, Baldwin found support from a teacher as well from the mayor of New York City, Fiorello H. David, a factory worker and a store-front preacher, was allegedly very cruel at home, which the young Baldwin hated. Instead, he considered his stepfather, David Baldwin, as his only father figure.
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He never met his biological father and may never have even known the man’s identity. His novels are notable for the personal way in which they explore questions of identity as well as for the way in which they mine complex social and psychological pressures related to being black and homosexual, well before the social, cultural or political equality of these groups could be assumed.īaldwin was born in 1924, the first of his mother’s nine children. Most of Baldwin’s work deals with racial and sexual issues in the mid-20th century United States. James Arthur Baldwin (August 2, 1924–November 30, 1987) was a novelist, short story writer, playwright, poet, and essayist, best known for his novel Go Tell It on the Mountain.